Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Osinubi MO[original query] |
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Bats are a major natural reservoir for hepaciviruses and pegiviruses
Quan PL , Firth C , Conte JM , Williams SH , Zambrana-Torrelio CM , Anthony SJ , Ellison JA , Gilbert AT , Kuzmin IV , Niezgoda M , Osinubi MO , Recuenco S , Markotter W , Breiman RF , Kalemba L , Malekani J , Lindblade KA , Rostal MK , Ojeda-Flores R , Suzan G , Davis LB , Blau DM , Ogunkoya AB , Alvarez Castillo DA , Moran D , Ngam S , Akaibe D , Agwanda B , Briese T , Epstein JH , Daszak P , Rupprecht CE , Holmes EC , Lipkin WI . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013 110 (20) 8194-9 Although there are over 1,150 bat species worldwide, the diversity of viruses harbored by bats has only recently come into focus as a result of expanded wildlife surveillance. Such surveys are of importance in determining the potential for novel viruses to emerge in humans, and for optimal management of bats and their habitats. To enhance our knowledge of the viral diversity present in bats, we initially surveyed 415 sera from African and Central American bats. Unbiased high-throughput sequencing revealed the presence of a highly diverse group of bat-derived viruses related to hepaciviruses and pegiviruses within the family Flaviridae. Subsequent PCR screening of 1,258 bat specimens collected worldwide indicated the presence of these viruses also in North America and Asia. A total of 83 bat-derived viruses were identified, representing an infection rate of nearly 5%. Evolutionary analyses revealed that all known hepaciviruses and pegiviruses, including those previously documented in humans and other primates, fall within the phylogenetic diversity of the bat-derived viruses described here. The prevalence, unprecedented viral biodiversity, phylogenetic divergence, and worldwide distribution of the bat-derived viruses suggest that bats are a major and ancient natural reservoir for both hepaciviruses and pegiviruses and provide insights into the evolutionary history of hepatitis C virus and the human GB viruses. |
Enhancing comparative rabies DNA vaccine effectiveness through glycoprotein gene modifications
Osinubi MO , Wu X , Franka R , Niezgoda M , Nok AJ , Ogunkoya AB , Rupprecht CE . Vaccine 2009 27 (51) 7214-8 Enhancing DNA vaccine effectiveness remains a challenge, especially if the desired goal is immunization efficacy after a single dose. The glycoprotein gene from the rabies virus Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (ERA) strain was modified by mutation at amino acid residue 333 from arginine to glutamine. The modified and original unmodified glycoprotein genes were cloned separately and developed as DNA vaccines for immunization in mice. The intramuscular (IM) route using a single dose (100 microg) of a modified DNA vaccine showed virus neutralizing antibody induction by d30, and 80% of the mice survived a challenge in which 100% of unvaccinated controls succumbed. Similar results were obtained using a single dose (10 microg) by the intradermal (ID) route with one-tenth amount of the DNA administered. Administration of single dose of DNA vaccine with unmodified G did not result in the production of detectable levels of virus neutralizing antibody by d30. The results of the IM and the ID routes of administration were statistically significant (P<0.01). Based on these preliminary results, a modified glycoprotein gene from the ERA rabies virus strain may be an ideal candidate for DNA vaccine efficacy enhancement. |
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